3. GUJARAT

MUZAFFAR SHAHI (1407-11 AD)

After Timur’s invasion of Delhi in 1398 AD, Gujarat became independent under its Governor, Zafar Khan. He named himself Muzaffar Shah I. He was appointed as Governor of Gujarat by Nasir-ud-din Muhammed-bin-Tughlaq IV in 1391 AD.

SHIHAB-UD-DIN AHMED (1411-42 AD)

He founded the city of Ahmedabad and shifted the capital from Patan to Ahmedabad. He also built the Jama Masjid and Teen Darwaja at. Ahmedabad. Muslim M historians argue that he was an idol breaker. He E imposed Jizya for the first time in Gujarat on Hindus. The Hindu piligrimage centre, Sidhpur was destroyed. But, he also appointed Hindu officials, Manikchand and Motichand into the government.

MAHMUD BEGARHA (1458-1511 AD)

He was considered the greatest Sultan of Gujarat and was called Begarha. His title Begarha was a constant reminder of both his conquest of the two forts, Junagarh and Champanir. He also captured the forts of Girnar hills. He formed a naval alliance with the Sultans of Turkey and Egypt and defeated the Portuguese in the Battle of Chaul (1508 AD), but got defeated the next year in the Battle of Diu.

Malik Ghori was his Chief Minister and his court poet was Udayraja. The Italian traveller, Barthema and Portuguese traveller Barbosa visited his court.

MUZAFFAR SHAH II (1511-37 AD)

He fought against Rana Sanga of Mewar. He restored Mahmud Khilji II of Malwa to this throne. He was considered by Babur to be one of the five great rulers of Hindustan.

BAHADUR SHAH (1526-37 AD)

He annexed Malwa in 1531 AD. He was the last able ruler of Gujarat. He imposed a humiliating treaty ont Chittor, so Humayun attacked in 1534-35 AD, whereupon Bahadur Shah sought help from Portuguese and had to surrender Bassein and Diu to Portuguese. He recaptured Gujarat from Humayun, but was killed by the Portuguese. Emperor Akbar finally captured Gujarat in 1572-73 AD.