JAUNPUR
Jaunpur became an important centre of Islamic art, architecture and learning. It came to be known as Shiraz-i-hind, the Jaunpur style was formed under Sultan Shams-ud-din Ibrahim. Lofty gates and huge arches are main characteristics.
Features of Jaunpur Art and Architecture
- Arches are of the depressed four-centred or Tudor variety.
- The predominantly Hindu masons and artisans were more comfortable with the pillar, beam and bracket system of construction.
- The pillars have square massive shafts with bonds across the middle.
- Pillars/pole’s built on the facade to accentuate entrances. Examples of Jaunpur style are Atala masjid, Khalis Mukhlis masjid, Jhangiri masjid, Lal Darwaja masjid and Jami masjid at Jaunpur.
MALWA
Malwa was influenced more by the early Tughlaq style from Delhi. Its main examples are found in the cities of Dhar and Mandu.
Main Features of Malwa Art and Architecture
- Combination of arch, linley and bracket.
- Most artistic combination of arches with pillar and beam. Minarat is absent.
- Buildings are raised on high plinths.
- Pointed arches with spear head fringe.
- Prominent use of colour in decoration.
Examples of Malwa Architecture
- Kamal Maula Masjid (Dhar)
- Lal Masjid (Islamabad)
- Malik Mughis Masjid (Mandu)
- Jami Masjid (Mandu)
- Hindola Mahal (Mandu)
- Jahaz Mahal (Mehrauli, Delhi)
- Baz Bahadur’s Palace (Mandu)
BAHMANI
The Bahmani architecture was influenced by the Tughlaqs. but later it was influenced by the Persian style. The Bahmanis paved way for the distinct sytle by inviting architects from Persia, Turkey and Arabia. These imported styles were blended with local styles. The tomb of the 15th century built by the Bahmani rulers of Bidar depict distinct Persian elements combined with those of the Delhi style. The tombs of Qutb Shahi dynasties of the 16th and 17th centuries show developed spherical or Tartar dome. The earliest period of architectural development started in 1347 AD when Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah constructed the Gulbarga fort and the Jami masjid at Gulbarga.
The second phase is represented by the architecture of Bidar, initiated by Ahmad Shah which includes the Bidar fort, Mahmud Gawan’s and the Ali Barid’s tomb. The best architectural specimen is the Charminar built by Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah in 1591 AD. The Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur constructed several mosques, tombs and palaces. The development of the dome reached its height during their reign. The most distinct monument of this period is the Gol Gumbaz, built by Mohammed Adil Shah, which is the largest stone work dome in the world. Bijapur is also famous for the Sat Manzil, Nagar Khana and the Gagan Mahal.
GUJARAT
The style can be divided into three main periods
- First Period (1st half of 14th century AD) Many buildings were built using materials from Hindu temples. The build- ings of this period have the appearance of being formative and experimental.
- Second Period (1st half of the 15th century AD) There is more directional authority in the buildings and increased assurance in the design. This can also be called the Ahmed Shahi period, after the Sultan Ahmed Shah.
- Third Period (2nd half of 15th century AD) This is the most magnificent aspect of the style. Most of the developments in this phase happened under Sultan Mahmud I Begarha (1458-1511).
Main buildings of Gujarat
- Jami Masjid or Adina Masjid at Patan
- Jami Masjid at Bharuch
- Jami Masjid at Cambay
- Jami Masjid at Ahmedabad
- Teen Darwaja at Ahmedabad
- idi Saiyyed Masjid at Ahmedabad
- Jami Masjid at Champaner
KASHMIR
The Islamic architecture of Kashmir is typified by use of wood work. The log construction using deodar trees for the construction of wooden bridges called Kadals or the wooden shrines called Ziarats are the best illustrations of wood architecture of Kashmir. The mosque of Shah Hamdan in Srinagar and the Jamia Masjid at Srinagar built by Sikandar Butshikan (1400AD) are the typical examples of the wooden architecture