42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 fundamental duties to the Indian constitution. 86th Amendment Act of 2002 later added 11th Fundamental Duty to the list. Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties, the necessity of which was felt during the internal emergency of 1975-77.
The fundamental duties which were added by the 42nd Amendment Act of the Constitution in 1976, in addition to creating and promoting culture, also strengthen the hands of the legislature in enforcing these duties vis-1-vis the fundamental rights. It was adopted from USSR.
I was not enforceable by court – Non Judiciary and Only applicable for citizen
There are two types of Duties
- Moral duties – Cherishing the Noble struggle of freedom struggle.
- Civic duties – Respect national flag and constitution.
The List of 11 Fundamental Duties under article 51-A to be obeyed by every Indian citizen is given below
- Abide the Indian Constitution and the respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
- Cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired our national struggle for freedom.
- Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and the integrity on India.
- Defend the country and render national service when call upon to do so.
- Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; Renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
- Value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture
- Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.
- Develop the scientific temper, humanism and the sprit of inquiry and reform.
- Safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
- Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
- Provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the ages of 6 and 14 years (86th Amendment 2002)